What is a Verifiable Presentation?

A Verifiable Presentation is a digital method of securely and selectively sharing credentials or identity information from one entity to another. Typically based on Verifiable Credentials (VCs), it allows individuals or organizations (holders) to prove certain attributes or claims about themselves securely, privately, and verifiably.

Verifiable Presentations:

• Use cryptographic signatures to ensure authenticity and integrity.
• Enable holders to selectively disclose specific pieces of identity data (e.g., age, nationality, qualification).
• Provide strong privacy controls, complying with data minimization principles.
• Can be used both online and offline, depending on the underlying technologies.

Common scenarios include age verification without revealing birthdates, academic qualification checks without sharing full transcripts, and digital identity proofing in remote onboarding processes.

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Verifiable Presentations are foundational components of decentralized identity (DID) and Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) systems, empowering users to manage their digital identities securely and privately.

A Verifiable Presentation typically involves three main actors:

• Issuer: The trusted entity (e.g., government, university, or certifying authority) that creates and digitally signs a Verifiable Credential.
• Holder: The individual or organization who receives, stores, and later presents these credentials.
• Verifier: The party that receives and verifies the authenticity and validity of the credential claims presented by the holder.

When presenting identity data, the holder creates a Verifiable Presentation that includes one or more Verifiable Credentials. These are cryptographically bound to the holder’s decentralized identifier (DID), ensuring authenticity and preventing misuse.

Key technologies and standards related to Verifiable Presentations include:

• W3C Verifiable Credentials Standard: Defines the structure, format, and cryptographic protocols for creating secure credentials and presentations.
• Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs): Allow users to create and control identifiers independent of centralized authorities, underpinning secure presentations.
• Cryptographic Proofs: Typically digital signatures or zero-knowledge proofs to confirm authenticity without disclosing unnecessary information.

Verifiable Presentations provide robust privacy and security benefits:

• Selective Disclosure: Only required attributes (e.g., proof of age without exact birthdate) are shared, preserving user privacy.
• Data Minimization: Limits data exposure, complying with privacy regulations such as GDPR.
• Offline Verification: Can be verified offline without continuous network access, enhancing versatility and trust.

• Digital Identity and Age Verification: Individuals proving their legal age for purchasing restricted products without disclosing their birthdate or other personal details.
• Remote Employee Verification: Employers remotely verifying employee qualifications, certifications, or licenses securely and instantly.
• Secure Access Control: Individuals presenting proof of access rights (e.g., membership status) without revealing full identities.

Verifiable Presentations complement modern authentication methods such as passkeys (WebAuthn/FIDO2) by providing robust, privacy-preserving methods for identity attribute verification. Combining these technologies creates secure, frictionless user experiences that significantly reduce identity fraud and enhance digital trust.

Verifiable Presentations allow secure, selective sharing of digital credentials to prove identity attributes (e.g., age, qualifications) without unnecessary data exposure.

A Verifiable Credential is issued by an authority, while a Verifiable Presentation is how the holder securely shares credentials with verifiers.

Yes, it enables selective disclosure of specific attributes, minimizing the amount of personal data shared during identity verification.

They typically use cryptographic proofs, decentralized identifiers (DIDs), and adhere to the W3C Verifiable Credentials standard.

Yes, Verifiable Presentations use robust cryptographic techniques to ensure data integrity, authenticity, and privacy, making them highly secure for online and offline transactions.