What is ISO 18013-5 NFC, BLE, QR?

ISO 18013-5 NFC, BLE, QR is an international technical standard defining how mobile driver's licenses (mDLs) are securely stored, transmitted, and verified digitally using Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Quick Response (QR) codes. It ensures interoperability, security, and privacy when digital identities are shared between individuals and verifying parties, like authorities or service providers.

The ISO 18013-5 standard specifically covers:

• Secure Data Storage: Digital licenses securely stored on smartphones or mobile devices.
• Secure Communication Protocols: Using NFC for short-range tap-to-share verification, BLE for longer-distance verification, and QR codes for flexible, widely available verification scenarios.
• Privacy Protection: Allowing users control over shared data by enabling selective disclosure of license attributes (e.g., only name and age).
• Cryptographic Security: Ensuring data integrity and authenticity through robust cryptographic protocols.

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ISO 18013-5 is part of the broader ISO 18013 standard for digital driver’s licenses, specifically focusing on how digital identities (mobile driver's licenses, or mDLs) are securely presented and verified using mobile devices.

Near Field Communication (NFC):

• Short-range wireless technology (typically within a few centimeters)
• Enables contactless, tap-to-share verification, ideal for scenarios needing quick and secure interactions (e.g., airport security, point-of-sale age verification).

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE):

• Longer-range wireless communication (typically within several meters)
• Enables verification without direct contact, beneficial in drive-through checks or scenarios where physical contact isn't practical.

Quick Response (QR) Codes:

• Machine-readable codes scanned by cameras
• Highly flexible for identity verification, compatible with almost any smartphone or tablet, providing broad accessibility and compatibility.

ISO 18013-5 ensures the highest standards of privacy and security:

• Cryptographic Protection: Credentials stored in mDL apps are cryptographically secured, preventing unauthorized access or alteration.
• Selective Disclosure: Users can choose precisely which information to disclose (e.g., sharing only birthdate to verify age), adhering to privacy regulations such as GDPR.
• Offline Verification Capability: Authorities or businesses can verify the authenticity of mDLs without constant online connectivity, enhancing reliability and speed.

ISO 18013-5 is becoming widely adopted globally:

• Airport and Border Control: Airports using NFC for rapid passenger identity verification at security checks, improving traveler experience and operational efficiency.
• Traffic Stops: Law enforcement using BLE-based identity verification at traffic stops, reducing risks and enhancing officer safety.
• Retail and Hospitality: Businesses employing QR codes for age verification in retail scenarios, streamlining compliance and enhancing customer privacy.

ISO 18013-5 complements advanced digital authentication methods, such as passkeys (WebAuthn/FIDO2), by providing robust digital identity verification foundations. Combining mDLs with modern passkey-based authentication results in secure, frictionless, and privacy-preserving user experiences.

In short, ISO 18013-5 NFC, BLE, QR is fundamental for secure, global, and user-friendly digital identity verification, aligning perfectly with modern digital transformation strategies.

ISO 18013-5 defines a secure global standard for digital mobile driver's licenses (mDL), specifying how credentials are presented and verified using NFC, BLE, and QR codes.

ISO 18013-5 enables selective disclosure, allowing users to choose exactly which personal details they share during verification, thus maximizing privacy protection.

NFC is short-range, secure, and contactless; BLE supports longer-range wireless communication; QR codes offer flexible scanning compatibility with most devices.

It’s widely adopted by government agencies (for driver licenses and identity verification), law enforcement, airports, hospitality, retail sectors, and any service requiring secure identity checks.

Yes, ISO 18013-5 supports offline verification, allowing mDL authenticity to be validated securely without continuous internet access.