What is DNS Spoofing?

DNS Spoofing, also known as DNS cache poisoning, is an attack where the attacker manipulates DNS records to redirect users to a malicious website that mimics the intended destination. This fraudulent site can trick users into sharing sensitive information, such as login credentials, or can maliciously install malware on their devices, giving the attacker prolonged access to their data and systems.

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DNS Spoofing operates by exploiting the vulnerabilities in the DNS system, a critical component of internet infrastructure designed to resolve website names into IP addresses. Attackers might use various methods, including compromising a DNS server or intercepting DNS requests through a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack. Here’s a breakdown of the common techniques:

• Man in the Middle (MitM): This method intercepts communications between the user and DNS servers, altering DNS responses to redirect the user to unauthorized IPs.
• DNS Server Compromise: Attackers may gain control over a DNS server and alter its records to resolve domain requests to malicious IPs.
• Exploiting TTL Values: Manipulating the TTL (Time-To-Live) in DNS caches makes the corrupted data stay longer, increasing the attack's impact.

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Data theft and security breaches are major risks. Also malware can be secretly installed, compromising further system integrity.

• Implement DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) which provide origin authentication.
• Use trusted DNS servers and secure communications with DNSCrypt.
• Regular updates and network security measures can also mitigate risks.

It can undetectably redirect users to malicious sites, compromising personal and financial information without the user's knowledge.